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甚麼是睡眠拖延症?

撰文:Winifred Wong, Venus Li

「睡眠拖延症」(bedtime procrastination) 的概念由荷蘭的心理學研究團隊提出,指未能按照原定時間上床入睡,而且並沒有任何外在因素或條件阻礙睡眠。即使理性上知道按原定時間睡覺會較有精神,患者仍然會不自控地延遲上床入睡的時間。

哪種人較容易有睡眠拖延症?

研究指出通常自制能力較低和本來有拖延習慣的人會較容易患上睡眠拖延症。他們因為不夠自律,而難以遵從原定的入睡時間,繼而出現睡眠不足的情況。另外,心理質素欠佳的人亦會較容易受睡眠拖延症影響,他們會較容易在面對壓力時出現負面情緒。這些人希望藉著延遲入睡的時間,從生活的壓力和煩惱之中得到喘息的空間。此外,有研究顯示性格較外向的人反而會出現更嚴重的睡眠拖延症。性格外向使他們樂於跟別人交際,因而平日會可更多時間在社交平台上,推遲了入睡的時間。

睡眠拖延症的負面影響

睡眠拖延症會讓我們的效率和專注力下降,並更容易產生負面情緒 (Geng et al., 2021),或更容易出現抑鬱徵狀,而有抑鬱症的人的睡眠拖延徵狀亦會相對嚴重。長期缺乏睡眠會影響心臟和免疫系統的健康及提高阿茲海默症的風險 (Godoy & Nguyen, 2022)。

如果想改善睡眠拖延症,可以嘗試以下幾個方法:

  1. 把煩惱寫在一張紙上
  2. 寫一張待辦事項清單,不要為晚上安排大量的工作
  3. 每天安排一些固定的時間讓自己放鬆一下
  4. 改善睡眠環境,例如一張舒服的床、適當的房間溫度或使用深色的窗簾等
  5. 建立一套有效的睡前習慣,例如調整房間的亮度、聽音樂、睡前30分鐘不看電子螢幕等

另外,想改善睡眠拖延症帶來的影響,一般的睡眠治療和認知行為治療,或靜觀治療也可以幫助舒緩睡眠不足所帶來的後果及重拾良好的睡眠習慣。

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